# Williams Percent Range (WPRange)

Imagine you're at a busy marketplace, trying to gauge whether a particular stall is becoming too crowded (overbought) or too empty (oversold). The Williams Percent Range (Williams %R) does something similar for financial markets. It's a momentum oscillator that helps traders identify overbought and oversold conditions, signaling potential price reversals. Developed by Larry Williams, this indicator is a favorite among traders for its simplicity and effectiveness across various markets.

In trading, timing is everything. Knowing when an asset is overbought or oversold can help you make smarter decisions about when to enter or exit trades. Williams %R provides insights into the strength of a current trend by comparing the closing price to the price range over a specific period. This helps you understand whether the market sentiment is shifting, potentially leading to trend reversals.

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### H**ow Does Williams %R Work?**

Williams %R measures the current closing price relative to the highest and lowest prices over a set period. Here's a step-by-step breakdown:

1. **Calculate the Typical Price:**

   ```java
   javaCopy codeTypical Price = (High + Low + Close) / 3
   ```

   This gives an average price for each period.
2. **Determine the Highest and Lowest Prices:**
   * **Highest Price (N-period):** the highest price over the last N periods.
   * **Lowest Price (N-period):** the lowest price over the last N periods.
3. **Compute Williams %R:**

   ```scss
   scssCopy codeWilliams %R = [(Highest Price - Close) / (Highest Price - Lowest Price)] × (-100)
   ```

   * **Range:** It looks at where the closing price sits within the range of the last N periods.
   * **Scale:** The result is scaled between 0 and -100.
   * **Overbought Zone:** Typically between 0 and -20.
   * **Oversold Zone:** Typically between -80 and -100.

### I**nterpreting Williams %R**

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*This image may take a while to understand, yeah*

So, here are the signals:

* **Overbought Conditions (0 to -20):**
  * When Williams %R is above -20, the asset is considered overbought. This suggests that the price may soon pull back or reverse downward as selling pressure increases.
* **Oversold Conditions (-80 to -100):**
  * When Williams %R is below -80, the asset is considered oversold. This indicates that the price may soon rise as buying pressure increases.
* **Middle Range (-20 to -80):**
  * Values in this range indicate neutral conditions, where the market is neither overbought nor oversold.
* **Crossing the Critical Levels:**
  * **From Oversold to Above:** a move from below -80 to above -80 can signal a buying opportunity.
  * **From Overbought to Below:** a move from above -20 to below -20 can signal a selling opportunity.

### U**sing Williams %R in Trading**

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1. **Identifying Overbought and Oversold Levels:**
   * **Buy Signal:** when Williams %R moves out of the oversold zone (-80) upwards.
   * **Sell Signal:** when Williams %R moves out of the overbought zone (-20) downwards.
2. **Spotting Divergences:**
   * **Bullish Divergence:** occurs when the price makes a new low, but Williams %R forms a higher low. This can indicate weakening selling pressure and a potential upward reversal.
   * **Bearish Divergence:** happens when the price makes a new high, but Williams %R forms a lower high. This suggests weakening buying pressure and a potential downward reversal.

### **Example:**

Let’s walk through a simple example to see how Williams %R can guide your trading decisions.

**Scenario:**

* **Asset:** Ethereum (hi crypto traders)
* **Timeframe:** daily chart
* **Williams %R Period:** 14

**Step-by-Step:**

1. **Identify Overbought and Oversold Levels:**\
   You notice that Ethereum (ETH) has been falling and the Williams %R has dipped below -80, entering the oversold zone.
2. **Watch for a Reversal Signal:**

   After a few days, the Williams %R moves back above -80, signaling that the selling pressure might be easing.
3. **Confirm with Price Action:**

   The price starts to stabilize and shows signs of upward movement, confirming the potential reversal.
4. **Enter a Long Position:**

   You decide to buy Ethereum as Williams %R indicates a possible upward trend.
5. **Set Your Stop Loss:**

   Place a stop loss below the recent low to manage risk in case the reversal doesn’t hold.
6. **Monitor for Exit Signals:**

   If Williams %R moves back into the overbought zone (-20) or shows bearish divergence, consider selling to lock in profits.

### P**ractice Exercise**

Let’s apply what you’ve learned with a hands-on exercise:

1. **Set Up the Indicator:**
   * Open your trading platform.
   * Add the Williams Percent Range Indicator to your chart.
   * Use the default setting of 14 periods.
2. **Identify Overbought and Oversold Levels:**
   * Draw horizontal lines at -20 and -80 on the Williams %R chart to mark the critical zones.
3. **Spot Reversal Signals:**
   * Look for instances where Williams %R exits the oversold zone and enters the neutral zone for potential buy signals.
   * Similarly, watch for exits from the overbought zone for potential sell signals.
4. **Make Demo Trades:**
   * Use a demo account to practice entering and exiting trades based on Williams %R signals.
   * For example, buy when Williams %R crosses above -80 and sell when it crosses below -20.
5. **Analyze Your Results:**
   * Keep a journal of your trades, noting how often Williams %R signals led to profitable outcomes.
   * Adjust your strategy based on your observations. Consider pairing Williams %R with another indicator for improved accuracy.

**Common Mistakes to Avoid**

* **Ignoring divergences.** Divergences between price and Williams %R can be powerful indicators of upcoming reversals. Don’t overlook them!
* **Overtrading.** Just because Williams %R signals a condition doesn’t mean you should act immediately. Always confirm with other indicators or price action.
* **Ignoring the trend.** Use Williams %R in the direction of the main trend identified by other indicators to increase the probability of successful trades.

The Williams Percent Range Indicator is a straightforward yet effective tool for identifying overbought and oversold conditions in the market. Use it to enhance your trading strategy by identifying entry and exit points, confirming trends, and spotting divergences.

Practice using Williams %R on a demo account to build your confidence and integrate it seamlessly into your trading toolkit.

Move to the next lesson when ready. I'm already waiting for you there!
